{"id":1261,"date":"2016-06-04T14:04:48","date_gmt":"2016-06-04T13:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/?p=1261"},"modified":"2022-11-21T10:39:30","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T09:39:30","slug":"energie-petrole-le-confort-ou-la-misere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/energie-petrole-le-confort-ou-la-misere\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e9trole, le confort ou la mis\u00e8re ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Que ce soit \u00e0 Paris ou \u00e0 Lima, les conf\u00e9rences des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (COP)<\/a> <\/span>soulignent l\u2019urgence de limiter l’augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature de la terre \u00e0 2\u00b0C.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique repr\u00e9sente un enjeu fondamental – bien que trop souvent marginalis\u00e9 – dans les n\u00e9gociations internationales et ses impacts sur la vie des populations sont incontestables aujourd\u2019hui. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est directement li\u00e9 \u00e0 notre consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, elle-m\u00eame d\u00e9pendante de l\u2019extraction de ressources naturelles.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parmi ces ressources, le p\u00e9trole repr\u00e9sente la 1\u00e8re source d\u2019\u00e9nergie au monde<\/strong>. Le p\u00e9trole est une mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re \u00e9puisable, dont tous les pays sont actuellement d\u00e9pendants. Il fait partie des \u00e9nergies fossiles<\/a><\/strong><\/span> avec le gaz et le charbon. Ces combustibles tir\u00e9s du sous-sol sont responsables de 2\/3 des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre – dont 35% sont dues au p\u00e9trole – et contribuent ainsi au r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019exploration et l\u2019extraction de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res comme le p\u00e9trole ne se r\u00e9alisent pas sans cons\u00e9quences pour l\u2019homme et l\u2019environnement, notamment dans les pays du Sud qui en sont les principaux producteurs. On constate en effet que 75% de la population mondiale en situation de pauvret\u00e9<\/a><\/span> vit dans des r\u00e9gions o\u00f9 les ressources naturelles sont abondantes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Prenons le cas du P\u00e9rou. Ce pays d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud est colonis\u00e9 par les industries extractives<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 : 62% du territoire national est sous concession gazi\u00e8re ou p\u00e9troli\u00e8re et 20% sous concession mini\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

En Amazonie p\u00e9ruvienne, les communaut\u00e9s indig\u00e8nes souffrent directement de l\u2019exploitation du p\u00e9trole<\/a><\/strong><\/span> qui se trouve sur leur territoire et qui d\u00e9truit leurs conditions de vie. Le gouvernement ne respecte pas la consultation pr\u00e9alable, libre et inform\u00e9e des populations susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre affect\u00e9es par un projet, principe inscrit dans la Convention 169 de l\u2019OIT<\/a><\/strong><\/span>. Les multiples accidents et pollutions des entreprises p\u00e9troli\u00e8res nuisent \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, \u00e0 un environnement sain et \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation des communaut\u00e9s<\/a><\/span><\/strong>. Leur\u00a0 territoire est accapar\u00e9<\/a><\/strong><\/span> et leur identit\u00e9 culturelle alt\u00e9r\u00e9e par la pr\u00e9sence de ces projets d\u2019envergure.<\/p>\n

En f\u00e9vrier 2016 par exemple, en raison d\u2019une mauvaise maintenance des ol\u00e9oducs, des \u00e9coulements<\/a><\/strong><\/span> se sont produits pendant plusieurs jours dans les r\u00e9gions p\u00e9ruviennes Amazonas y Loreto<\/em>. Cependant, aucune sanction<\/strong> contre les entreprises n\u2019a \u00e0 ce jour\u00a0\u00e9t\u00e9 prise et les familles affect\u00e9es ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019aucune aide particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

En tout, ce sont plus de 200 conflits sociaux qui agitent le P\u00e9rou<\/strong> depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es, dont les \u00be sont de type socio-environnemental. Ainsi, une r\u00e9elle fracture existe entre l\u2019\u00c9tat, la population et les entreprises. Peu de m\u00e9canismes de dialogue entre les diff\u00e9rentes parties aboutissent r\u00e9ellement.<\/p>\n

Et la balance semble pencher du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des multinationales. Ces 3 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le P\u00e9rou a adopt\u00e9 des mesures \u00e9conomiques<\/span><\/strong> qui facilitent leurs investissements, mais qui mettent en danger la protection de l\u2019environnement, les conditions de travail et le droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de la population locale.<\/p>\n

Bien que l\u2019extraction des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res soit une priorit\u00e9 pour l\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9conomique de nombreux pays, il est primordial que les \u00c9tats d\u00e9veloppent des politiques de pr\u00e9vention des risques, de transparence<\/a><\/span><\/strong>(<\/a><\/span>1)<\/a><\/span><\/span> et d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information<\/a><\/span><\/strong> pour les populations locales.<\/p>\n

Ce respect des populations du Sud doit aller de pair avec un changement r\u00e9el des comportements et de la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/strong> des citoyens dans les pays du Nord. Comme l\u2019explique l\u2019Agence Internationale de l\u2019\u00c9nergie<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u00a0 : Si nous voulons conserver la temp\u00e9rature de la terre en-dessous des 2\u00b0C, 2\/3 des r\u00e9serves fossiles prouv\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre laiss\u00e9es dans le sol<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Il est donc imp\u00e9ratif aujourd\u2019hui de diminuer notre d\u00e9pendance au p\u00e9trole<\/strong>, pour pr\u00e9server notre plan\u00e8te et les populations qui en d\u00e9pendent directement. S\u2019il incombe aux responsables politiques d\u2019avancer en ce sens, les citoyens peuvent \u00e9galement poser des gestes significatifs au quotidien<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9borah Tousch<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1)<\/span>\u00a0 L\u2019initiative pour la transparence dans les industries extractives (ITIE) est un exemple des processus mis en place qui vise l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la gouvernance des ressources naturelles.<\/span><\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Que ce soit \u00e0 Paris ou \u00e0 Lima, les conf\u00e9rences des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (COP) soulignent l\u2019urgence de limiter l’augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature de la terre \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":5244,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[129],"tags":[17,62,44],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nP\u00e9trole, le confort ou la mis\u00e8re ? - Jump<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/energie-petrole-le-confort-ou-la-misere\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"P\u00e9trole, le confort ou la mis\u00e8re ? - Jump\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Que ce soit \u00e0 Paris ou \u00e0 Lima, les conf\u00e9rences des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (COP) soulignent l\u2019urgence de limiter l’augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature de la terre \u00e0 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/energie-petrole-le-confort-ou-la-misere\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jump\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ecolojfederal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-06-04T13:04:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-11-21T09:39:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/06\/P\u00e9trole.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"627\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"D\u00e9borah Tousch\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ecoloj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ecoloj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"D\u00e9borah Tousch\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/energie-petrole-le-confort-ou-la-misere\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/energie-petrole-le-confort-ou-la-misere\/\",\"name\":\"P\u00e9trole, le confort ou la mis\u00e8re ? 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