{"id":3055,"date":"2019-05-21T10:06:10","date_gmt":"2019-05-21T09:06:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/?p=3055"},"modified":"2022-11-21T14:36:43","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T13:36:43","slug":"elections-pacte-finance-climat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/elections-pacte-finance-climat\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Pacte Finance-Climat"},"content":{"rendered":"

En cette p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9-\u00e9lectorale, tout le monde s\u2019accorde sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019en faire plus en mati\u00e8re climatique<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mais lorsque vient le moment d\u2019agir, certain\u00b7e\u00b7s responsables politiques se retranchent derri\u00e8re l\u2019argument du co\u00fbt de la transition \u00e9cologique<\/strong>. Pourtant, de nombreuses solutions existent pour la financer.<\/p>\n

Parmi d\u2019autres, le Pacte europ\u00e9en Finance-Climat<\/strong>, un plan Marshall<\/em> pour le climat qui entend mobiliser la cr\u00e9ation mon\u00e9taire<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Le 29 janvier dernier, \u00e0 la suite de sa rencontre avec la Coalition pour le Climat<\/em>, Charles Michel d\u00e9clarait : \u00ab je ne vois pas de formule magique dans les propositions qui sont sur la table… parce qu\u2019il n\u2019y en a pas. Il ne suffit pas de claquer des doigts pour que pleuvent les milliards qui nous permettront de financer les mesures \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 cet argumentaire, l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Pierre Larrouturou<\/strong> et le climatologue Jean Jouzel<\/strong> proposent un Pacte Finance-Climat, bas\u00e9 sur le slogan \u00ab si le climat \u00e9tait une banque, on l\u2019aurait d\u00e9j\u00e0 sauv\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Pire, selon l\u2019\u00e9conomiste, 90% des sommes cr\u00e9\u00e9es par la BCE ont aliment\u00e9 la sp\u00e9culation boursi\u00e8re<\/strong> entre 2015 et 2018 (voir article cr\u00e9ation mon\u00e9taire<\/a><\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Concr\u00e8tement, les initiateurs de ce Pacte Finance-Climat plaident pour la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une Banque europ\u00e9enne du climat et la biodiversit\u00e9<\/strong> (BECB), qui financerait la transition \u00e9cologique \u00e0 travers la Banque Europ\u00e9enne d\u2019Investissement. Chaque ann\u00e9e, la BECB allouerait aux \u00e9tats membres de l\u2019UE des pr\u00eats \u00e0 taux z\u00e9ro pour un montant \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 2% de leur PIB<\/strong>. Ainsi, la Belgique b\u00e9n\u00e9ficierait chaque ann\u00e9e d\u2019une enveloppe de 8,5 milliards d\u2019euros.<\/p>\n

Par ailleurs, ils entendent cr\u00e9er un Fonds europ\u00e9en du climat et la biodiversit\u00e9<\/strong> (FECB). Ce fonds, dont le budget s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8verait \u00e0 100 milliards d\u2019euros par an, serait aliment\u00e9 par les entreprises op\u00e9rant dans l\u2019UE \u2013 hors artisans et PME \u2013 \u00e0 concurrence de 1% \u00e0 5%, suivant leurs performances environnementales. Ce montant serait destin\u00e9 \u00e0 financer la transition \u00e9cologique en Europe mais aussi en Afrique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00c9videmment, ces pr\u00eats ne pourraient financer que des d\u00e9penses en lien avec la transition \u00e9cologique et solidaire<\/span><\/h2>\n

Certain\u00b7e\u00b7s, comme Andr\u00e9 Peters<\/strong> (candidat sur la liste Ecolo f\u00e9d\u00e9rale \u00e0 Bruxelles et auteur d\u2019un livre sur le sujet) ajoutent que les titres de dette publique d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9tenus par la BCE pourraient aussi \u00eatre convertis en pr\u00eats perp\u00e9tuels \u00e0 0%<\/strong>, ce qui revient \u00e0 annuler ces dettes sans d\u00e9truire la masse mon\u00e9taire d\u00e9j\u00e0 en circulation.<\/p>\n

La solution para\u00eet presque invraisemblable tant elle est simple. Mais alors, qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019on attend\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les \u00e9conomistes lib\u00e9raux – les orthodoxes – (dont certain\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e9taient d\u2019ailleurs d\u00e9j\u00e0 hostiles \u00e0 l\u2019assouplissement quantitatif) pr\u00e9tendent que la proposition m\u00e8nerait immanquablement \u00e0 une inflation hors de contr\u00f4le, \u00e0 une distorsion des prix, \u00e0 un rel\u00e2chement du contr\u00f4le budg\u00e9taire des \u00e9tats membres et \u00e0 une instabilit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me financier au d\u00e9triment des \u00e9pargnant\u00b7e\u00b7s et pensionn\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s du Nord de l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n

Mais ces objections ne tiennent pas vraiment la route. M\u00eame avec 2600 milliards d\u2019euros d\u2019assouplissement quantitatif en quatre ans, le niveau d\u2019inflation de la zone euro reste (d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment) inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 l\u2019objectif de 2 pourcents assign\u00e9 \u00e0 la BCE. Quant \u00e0 l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re, il y a fort \u00e0 parier que c\u2019est l\u2019inaction des \u00e9tats en mati\u00e8re de lutte contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique qui la causera, bien plus que des investissements dans des infrastructures publiques.<\/p>\n

Sans doute, le vrai probl\u00e8me des opposants \u00e0 la Banque climat se trouve-t-il ailleurs<\/span><\/h2>\n

Cr\u00e9er pareille Banque, c\u2019est assigner \u00e0 nouveau aux pouvoirs publics un r\u00f4le pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/strong>. Et \u00e7a, id\u00e9ologiquement \u00e7a ne passe pas lorsqu\u2019on pr\u00e9tend que ce sont les march\u00e9s qui doivent d\u00e9terminer la marche de l\u2019\u00e9conomie\u2026<\/p>\n

L\u2019argument du co\u00fbt de la transition est trompeur, voire fallacieux<\/strong>. Ce ne sont pas les solutions qui manquent. En mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9cologie comme dans d\u2019autres domaines, ce qu\u2019il manque, c\u2019est une v\u00e9ritable volont\u00e9 politique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

___<\/p>\n

Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.pacte-climat.net\/en<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/opinions\/carte-blanche\/Il-est-temps-de-renflouer-le-climat\/10107731<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.levif.be\/actualite\/belgique\/climat-charles-michel-s-engage-dans-un-dialogue-avec-les-associations\/article-normal-1085389.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.rtbf.be\/info\/societe\/detail_financer-la-transition-ecologique-avec-une-banque-du-climat-et-en-prenant-sur-les-dividendes?id=10088073<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.taurillon.org\/que-propose-le-pacte-finance-climat<\/a><\/p>\n

___<\/p>\n

Lionel Legrand et Lucien Standaert<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En cette p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9-\u00e9lectorale, tout le monde s\u2019accorde sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019en faire plus en mati\u00e8re climatique<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":88,"featured_media":4721,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[124],"tags":[17,88,44],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe Pacte Finance-Climat - Jump<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/elections-pacte-finance-climat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le Pacte Finance-Climat - Jump\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En cette p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9-\u00e9lectorale, tout le monde s\u2019accorde sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019en faire plus en mati\u00e8re climatique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/elections-pacte-finance-climat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jump\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ecolojfederal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-05-21T09:06:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-11-21T13:36:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/05\/images-jump-articles15.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"627\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lionel Legrand et Lucien Standaert\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ecoloj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ecoloj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lionel Legrand et Lucien Standaert\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/elections-pacte-finance-climat\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/elections-pacte-finance-climat\/\",\"name\":\"Le Pacte Finance-Climat - 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