{"id":3980,"date":"2022-04-08T22:09:24","date_gmt":"2022-04-08T21:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/?p=3980"},"modified":"2022-11-22T16:08:52","modified_gmt":"2022-11-22T15:08:52","slug":"concentrer-diluer-developper-concentrer-diluer-cest-toujours-developper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/concentrer-diluer-developper-concentrer-diluer-cest-toujours-developper\/","title":{"rendered":"Concentrer + diluer = \u00abd\u00e9velopper\u00bb  (Concentrer et diluer, c\u2019est toujours d\u00e9velopper)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>En mati\u00e8re d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, un truisme est fr\u00e9quemment invoqu\u00e9 : <\/strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Il convient de densifier les villes afin d\u2019\u00e9viter l\u2019\u00e9talement urbain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">C\u2019est l\u2019argument culpabilisant renvoy\u00e9 aux 18.000 d\u00e9fenseurs de la friche Josaphat : en s\u2019accrochant \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation d\u2019un espace vert de fait, ils feraient le lit de l\u2019\u00e9talement urbain qui mite nos campagnes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">La difficult\u00e9 c\u2019est que, depuis les 30 Glorieuses, deux mouvements sont simultan\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre : la densification tendancielle des villes et la p\u00e9ri urbanisation structurelle des campagnes.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">Les villes se densifient car leur population cro\u00eet<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">L\u00e0 g\u00eet l\u2019emploi. C\u2019est un mouvement \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue positif sur le plan de l\u2019environnement. La mitoyennet\u00e9 induit des \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9nergie. L\u2019imbrication des individus et de leurs activit\u00e9s r\u00e9duit la distance des trajets et donc les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. Les villes sont ainsi souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des \u00e9tablissements humains performants. Mais vivre en ville n\u2019est pas toujours une sin\u00e9cure : bruit, pollutions, chert\u00e9, promiscuit\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">L\u2019\u00e9talement urbain<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">L\u2019\u00e9talement urbain a \u00e9t\u00e9 permis par l\u2019usage de la voiture qui s\u2019est r\u00e9pandu apr\u00e8s la deuxi\u00e8me guerre mondiale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">En Belgique, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 encourag\u00e9 par les politiques de l\u2019Etat national, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, dans le champ de la fiscalit\u00e9, du logement et de la mobilit\u00e9. Il mite les paysages, grignote des terres agricoles et rend les n\u00e9o ruraux captifs de la voiture. Mais il r\u00e9pond \u00e0 des aspirations culturelles profondes dont le besoin de contact avec la nature, le calme, la continuit\u00e9 des racines familiales&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Si ces deux logiques sont pouss\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00eame, les villes deviennent inaccessibles par l\u2019envol\u00e9e des prix de l\u2019immobilier. Et la campagne n\u2019a plus de campagne que le nom m\u00eame si, bien s\u00fbr, la ruralit\u00e9 subsiste, heureusement. Mais ce raisonnement rencontre au moins deux limites.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">Deux limites<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">D\u2019abord, les ruraux ne vivent pas forc\u00e9ment comme des urbains, qui sont, en moyenne, plus d\u00e9territorialis\u00e9s. Or, un seul vol transatlantique repr\u00e9sente l\u2019\u00e9quivalent des \u00e9missions annuelles d\u2019un automobiliste moyen. D\u2019autre part, la ville suppose, par sa densit\u00e9, des \u00e9missions indirectes importantes puisqu\u2019elle ne produit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas ce qu\u2019elle consomme.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Les modes de vie diff\u00e8rent n\u00e9anmoins selon l\u2019\u00e2ge, la taille et les revenus du m\u00e9nage, le milieu social, les habitudes de consommation etc. \u00c9vitons les jugements moraux, la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 peut s\u2019exercer partout.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">La croissance \u00e9conomique<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Ren\u00e9 Schoonbrodt d\u00e9signe le responsable : \u00ab Ces destructions correspondent aux exigences de la croissance \u00e9conomique (\u2026) L\u2019organisation du territoire qui r\u00e9sulte de ces productions\/destructions, affermit les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s (&#8230;) d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sentes dans tous les secteurs de la vie sociale. Elle ne fait pas partie des enjeux autour desquels s\u2019organise la vie politique, sociale et culturelle du pays. Elle est comme \u00ab hors conflit \u00bb ; m\u00eame regrett\u00e9e, elle est accept\u00e9e par l\u2019ensemble de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a fait sienne l\u2019id\u00e9e que la barbarie se justifie par la croissance. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Ce sont, en effet, les forces \u00e9conomiques qui m\u00e8nent la danse. Pourtant l\u2019\u00e9quation \u00e9conomique est le plus souvent absente des d\u00e9bats sur l\u2019urbanisme.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Plusieurs facteurs appellent \u00e0 une r\u00e9volution dans la mani\u00e8re d\u2019envisager villes et campagnes : l\u2019\u00e9volution des perspectives d\u00e9mographiques &#8211; influenc\u00e9es par les crises et le t\u00e9l\u00e9travail -, la crise climatique, la perte massive de la biodiversit\u00e9, la fin des \u00e9nergies fossiles et la justice sociale. La Commission europ\u00e9enne recommande que les politiques tiennent compte de leur incidence sur l\u2019utilisation des sols, de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 \u00ab\u00e9viter toute augmentation nette de la surface de terres occup\u00e9e\u00bb d\u2019ici \u00e0 2050. La fuite en avant, c\u2019est termin\u00e9. Il va falloir changer radicalement la culture de l\u2019espace et organiser sa r\u00e9silience aux crises.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">La t\u00e2che qui incombe au politique est cruciale<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Comme l\u2019\u00e9crivait Ren\u00e9 Schoonbrodt en 1987 : \u00ab reconstruire la ville et sauvegarder la campagne sont des objectifs qui ne seront atteints que par une solide mobilisation de l\u2019opinion publique. \u00bb Nous, \u00e9cologistes, devons assumer cette r\u00e9flexion.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Pour aller plus loin<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>Ren\u00e9 Schoonbrodt, Essai sur la destruction des villes et des campagnes, Pierre Mardaga.<\/li>\n<li>Commission europ\u00e9enne, \u00ab Lignes directrices concernant les meilleures pratiques pour limiter, att\u00e9nuer ou compenser l\u2019imperm\u00e9abilisation des sols \u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Isabelle Pauthier, D\u00e9put\u00e9e bruxelloise<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En mati\u00e8re d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, un truisme est fr\u00e9quemment invoqu\u00e9 : Il convient de densifier les villes afin d\u2019\u00e9viter l\u2019\u00e9talement urbain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[116],"tags":[117,89],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.1 - 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