{"id":921,"date":"2014-11-07T10:42:18","date_gmt":"2014-11-07T09:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/?p=921"},"modified":"2022-11-22T13:37:48","modified_gmt":"2022-11-22T12:37:48","slug":"politiques-carcerales-surpopulation-carcerale-et-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecoloj.be\/goforclimatejustice\/jump\/politiques-carcerales-surpopulation-carcerale-et-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Surpopulation carc\u00e9rale et solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>Avant d\u2019\u00e9voquer le probl\u00e8me de la surpopulation carc\u00e9rale et les pistes de solution \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me, il est n\u00e9cessaire de comprendre ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">La surpopulation est un \u00e9tat d\u00e9mographique qui se caract\u00e9rise par un nombre trop important d\u2019individus par rapport \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de charge de son habitat. Dans le cas de la surpopulation carc\u00e9rale, l\u2019individu est un\u00a0d\u00e9tenu (ou un pr\u00e9venu), son\u00a0habitat est la prison. Isoler le surnombre \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 analyser un chiffre absolu. Une analyse plus fi ne met en lien le surnombre avec la capacit\u00e9 totale des \u00e9tablissements p\u00e9nitentiaires, la densit\u00e9 carc\u00e9rale et le taux de d\u00e9tention par habitant\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span>Les causes du probl\u00e8me<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Au sein des <strong>prisons belges<\/strong>, d\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oipbelgique.be\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Observatoire International des Prisons<\/a><\/strong><\/span> (OIP), en 2013, <strong>le surnombre de d\u00e9tenus \u00e9tait \u00e9valu\u00e9 \u00e0<\/strong> <strong>2.000 d\u00e9tenus<\/strong>. L\u2019OIP explique ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne par trois facteurs : la d\u00e9tention pr\u00e9ventive, l\u2019allongement des peines et la diminution des lib\u00e9rations conditionnelles. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Malgr\u00e9 la loi du 20 juillet 1990, relative \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention pr\u00e9ventive, qui \u00e9num\u00e8re les <strong>conditions<\/strong> qui doivent \u00eatre remplies <strong>avant qu\u2019un mandat d\u2019arr\u00eat ne soit d\u00e9livr\u00e9<\/strong>, le recours \u00e0 l\u2019enferment est monnaie courante. Cela pose question, entre autre, en mati\u00e8re d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de la loi et d\u2019application de celle-ci. En termes de Droit humain, cela signifie que <strong>des innocents peuvent \u00eatre enferm\u00e9s<\/strong> dans l\u2019attente d\u2019un proc\u00e8s, mettant \u00e0 mal le principe de pr\u00e9somption d\u2019innocence. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Concernant l\u2019allongement des peines, elle n\u2019est pas en corr\u00e9lation avec une augmentation de la criminalit\u00e9. Par contre, il existe un lien entre l\u2019allongement des peines et la lib\u00e9ration provisoire automatique de condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 des peines de moins de trois ans. En 2011, la <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccrek.be\/FR\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cour des Comptes<\/a><\/strong><\/span> a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 un <strong>audit<\/strong> sur la surpopulation carc\u00e9rale : la seule piste de solution avanc\u00e9e \u00e9tait la <strong>lib\u00e9ration provisoire automatique<\/strong>. Les cons\u00e9quences de cette mesure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 des condamnations \u00e0 des peines plus lourdes, afin d\u2019\u00eatre s\u00fbr que le d\u00e9tenu passe par la case prison, sans b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de cette lib\u00e9ration provisoire. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Enfin, pour ce qui est de la <strong>diminution des lib\u00e9rations conditionnelles<\/strong>, il faut d\u2019abord conna\u00eetre le m\u00e9canisme de fixation des peines. La peine de prison est fix\u00e9e par le juge ou le jury d\u2019assise. Cette peine n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessairement purg\u00e9e dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 ; les d\u00e9tenus peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle apr\u00e8s un tiers ou deux de la peine. Depuis l\u2019affaire Dutroux, notamment, et afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des pressions citoyennes et politiques, les <strong>peines incompressibles<\/strong> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 instaur\u00e9es. Ainsi, nous avons donc en prison, en plus des d\u00e9tenus qui doivent y \u00eatre : de plus en plus de pr\u00e9venus, des d\u00e9tenus qui purgent des peines plus longues et des d\u00e9tenus qui devraient b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une lib\u00e9ration provisoire ou conditionnelle.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #99cc00;\">Les pistes de solution<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Cela parait \u00e9vident, mais la premi\u00e8re chose \u00e0 faire est d\u2019\u00e9viter que les personnes aillent en prison. Pour cela, notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 doit miser sur <strong>la lutte contre les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales et la lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9<\/strong>. Notre syst\u00e8me judiciaire doit remettre sur un pi\u00e9destal la <strong>pr\u00e9somption d\u2019innocence<\/strong> et user de la d\u00e9tention pr\u00e9ventive de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9siduaire. Enfin, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 doit investir dans les <strong>alternatives \u00e0 la prison<\/strong>, n\u00e9cessaires pour certains publics pr\u00e9sents en prison tels que les personnes handicap\u00e9es, les personnes souffrant de maladies mentales, les personnes souffrant d\u2019assu\u00e9tude(s), les victimes de la traite des \u00eatres humains, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Pour les personnes qui purgent une peine, la premi\u00e8re chose \u00e0 avoir en t\u00eate est que ces personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 temporairement \u00e9loign\u00e9es de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 car elles repr\u00e9sentaient un danger pour cette derni\u00e8re. La plupart du temps, un d\u00e9tenu sera lib\u00e9r\u00e9 un jour ou l\u2019autre. Il est donc indispensable de <strong>pr\u00e9parer la fin de peine<\/strong> du d\u00e9tenu avec ce dernier. Pour cela, il existe, entre autre, des services d\u2019aides aux d\u00e9tenus et aux justiciables, qui peuvent (et doivent !) faire le <strong>lien entre l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur<\/strong>. Mais il faut \u00e9galement remettre \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour : la justesse de la peine d\u00e9cid\u00e9e, la lib\u00e9ration provisoire et conditionnelle et \u00e9viter les fonds de peines. Notre syst\u00e8me judiciaire doit \u00e9galement syst\u00e9matiser, d\u00e8s que cela est possible, le recours aux peines alternatives.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Pour finir, il faut \u00e9viter que les personnes sorties de prison n\u2019y retournent. Il faut <strong>lutter contre la r\u00e9cidive<\/strong>. Un r\u00e9cidiviste est une personne qui ne retrouve pas sa place dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Lutter contre la r\u00e9cidive, c\u2019est donc acter l\u2019\u00e9chec d\u2019une insertion sociale et tout mettre en \u0153uvre pour une r\u00e9insertion sociale r\u00e9ussie. Cela ne peut se faire qu\u2019en rendant la prison humaine et en travaillant sur le lien int\u00e9rieur-ext\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Pour conclure, lutter contre la surpopulation carc\u00e9rale passe par la r\u00e9flexion et la refonte de tout un syst\u00e8me social, par le courage politique, par l\u2019investissement dans la pr\u00e9vention plus que dans la sanction et par la sensibilisation de l\u2019opinion public.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>___<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Raffaella Robert<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avant d\u2019\u00e9voquer le probl\u00e8me de la surpopulation carc\u00e9rale et les pistes de solution \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me, il est n\u00e9cessaire de comprendre ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":5400,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[51],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.1 - 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